• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method and a device for generating cold and / or useful heat using a heat source above the ambient temperature and for additional generation of mechanical or electrical energy by the interposition of an expansion machine (9) between the desorber (3) and the Capacitor) 13) of an absorption circuit; storing solutions of different absorbant concentrations in reservoirs (30, 33, 36) allows for peak load coverage of energy services as well as adaptation to changing thermal conditions.
    公开号:AT511823A4
    申请号:T148/2012
    申请日:2012-02-03
    公开日:2013-03-15
    发明作者:Georg Dr Beckmann
    申请人:Georg Dr Beckmann；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    The invention relates to a method and a device for generating cold and / or useful heat by means of an absorption cycle using a heat source above the ambient temperature and - in an inventive manner - for additional generation of mechanical or electrical energy (force). Due to the inventive storage, it is possible to vary the proportions of the generation of different forms of energy within certain limits as needed.
    Prior art: The generation of refrigeration by means of an absorption cycle using a heat source above the ambient temperature has long been known and prior art, in particular with the refrigeration cycle medium: ammonia (NH3) as refrigerant and water (H20) as the absorbent. The advantage of this absorption refrigeration plant over the much more widespread compression refrigeration machine is that the absorption refrigeration system requires little or no mechanical or electrical drive energy (eg for pumps).
    The heat used in the absorption refrigeration system would sometimes have the potential for additional power generation, as viewed in thermodynamics, and this would be desirable for larger (decentralized) plants, but the prior art absorption cycle is incapable of doing so. Recently [Sulaiman et al: Greenhouse gas emission and exergy assessments of an integrated organic Rankine cycle with a biomass condenser for combined cooling, heating and power production. Applied Thermal Engineering 2011. page 439 - 446] was the combination of an ORC cycle (Organic Rankine Cycle) for power generation with an absorption refrigeration plant to 1 7
    7 5- T '1 · J proposed refrigeration in such a way that is operated with the condensation heat from the ORC cycle, the desorber of the absorption refrigeration system. As a source of energy biomass firing was provided. The complexity of such problem solutions is considerable, there are a total of three working media used (a thermal oil intermediate circuit, the organic circulation medium and the refrigeration cycle medium: ammonia / water), the flexibility is severely limited. Although the overall energy efficiency is better than the separate production of electricity and cooling, but the economics of such system combinations is questionable.
    Solution According to the Invention: The object of the invention is to avoid all the disadvantages mentioned. This is inventively achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments are proposed according to the subclaims.
    FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrate the concept of the invention:
    Fig. 1 shows the process flow diagram of the circuit according to the invention in the basic variant.
    Fig. 2 shows a supplement to Fig. 1, which increases the flexibility of a storage system.
    FIG. 3 shows a variant of FIG. 2, which further simplifies the memory system.
    Fig. 1 shows the process flow diagram of the inventive absorption cycle; As additional information, the following coordinates are entered in this process flow diagram: a. Abscissa (x-axis): the temperature in the respective component, d. H. a higher temperature component is placed further to the right. 2 · · Φ Φ b b b b b b III · III III III III III III III III III III III. Ordinate (y-axis): The pressure in the respective component, d. H. a higher pressure component is located higher up. c. The main diagonal (45 "straight): The concentration (mass fraction of the refrigerant in the working medium): to the right of the main diagonal is the low-refrigerant, to the left of the refrigerant-rich part of the circuit. d. An energy input is indicated with an arrow towards the component, an energy output with an arrow away from the component. e. The mechanical or electrical energy is denoted by "P". denotes the heat energy with "Q". Heat inputs with a temperature level well below the ambient temperature are cold energies, heat outputs with a temperature level well above the ambient temperature are useful heat (eg heating for heating and process purposes).
    The following description initially refers to the absorption cycle with refrigeration ("power-refrigeration mode").
    The working medium of the circuit, a binary mixture of the refrigerant, z. B. NH3, and the absorbent, for. B. H20, leaves the absorber 1 with a predetermined concentration and passes through the feed line with feed pump 2 in the desorber 3, which via a desorber heat exchanger surface 4 by means of a heating medium, for. B. a hot flue gas, is heated with the heat Qd (the heating medium enters the desorber Heizmediumeintritt 5 and leaves it in the desorber Heizmediumaustritt 6). In the desorber it comes to desorption (evaporation of the refrigerant); The remaining low-refrigerant solution leaves the desorber 3 and passes through the solution return line with expansion valve 7 back into the absorber 1. The resulting live steam, however, is rich in cold and he leaves the desorber 3. 3
    The hot and tense steam flows according to the invention via the main steam line with regulating or high-speed valve 8 of the expansion machine 9, z. B. designed as a turbine or screw expander, too; this expansion machine 9 gives the mechanical power to the expansion machine shaft 10, z. B. to an electric generator 11, from, wherein mechanical or electrical energy P is generated, while the expanded exhaust steam leaves the expansion machine 9.
    The exhaust steam flows via the exhaust steam line 12 to the condenser 13, in which heat is withdrawn via the condenser heat exchanger surface 14, wherein a cooling medium, for. B ambient air or cooling water, entering the condenser cooling medium inlet 15 and exiting at the condenser Kühlmediumaustritt 16, heats and thereby dissipates the heat Qc to the environment. The thus liquefied exhaust steam - the condensate - collects and leaves the condenser 13.
    The condensate flows through the condensate line with expansion valve 17 to the evaporator 18, which via an evaporator heat exchanger surface 19 by means of a cooling medium, for. B. a frost-resistant cryogen which enters the evaporator-Kältemediumeintritt 20 and exits at the evaporator refrigerant outlet 21, heat is removed; since the evaporator 18 is operated at a lower pressure than the condenser 13, the evaporation temperature is usually below the ambient temperature, so here is the cooling capacity Qv provided. The refrigerant vapor leaves via the evaporator 18th
    The refrigerant pressure at low pressure passes through refrigerant vapor line 22 and into the absorber 1, where the refrigerant vapor combines with the low-refrigerant solution; 4 this absorption is on the one hand connected to a negative pressure, on the other hand while the solvent heat is released, which is dissipated via the absorber heat exchanger surface 23, wherein a cooling medium, for. B. ambient air or cooling water, from the absorber cooling medium inlet 24 to the absorber cooling medium outlet 25 heats up and thereby dissipates the heat Qa to the environment. With the formation of the solvent with the predetermined concentration and the provision of this via feed line with feed pump 2, the circuit closes.
    In contrast to conventional absorption refrigeration systems, the method according to the invention not only generates cold Qv, but also mechanical or electrical energy ("force") P.
    To adapt the generated cooling capacity to a cooling capacity requirement (needs-based coverage of an energy service), the following are in the process flow diagram
    Bypass lines drawn in dashed lines: a. The live steam bypass line with bypass valve 26 branches off from the main steam line 8 and serves to bypass the expansion machine 9; d. H. the branched live steam passes directly into the exhaust steam line 12 in the condenser 13. This load case will be chosen if the temperature or the pressure at the desorber 3 is not sufficient to operate the expansion machine 9 meaningful, the need for mechanical or electrical energy already is covered and / or the cooling capacity is to be increased. b. The Abdampfbypassleitung with bypass valve 27 branches from the Abdampfdampfleitung 12 serves to bypass the capacitor 13 and the evaporator 18; d. H. the diverted exhaust steam passes directly through the refrigerant vapor line 22 into the absorber 1. This mode of operation will be chosen if there is no need for cooling capacity.
    But it is also the production of another form of energy, namely a useful heat, possible by the process at a suitable point useful heat is withdrawn. The removal of useful heat in the present inventive method can, for. B. on the Heizmediumseite before the entrance 5 or after the outlet 6, from the main steam line 8 or at the expansion machine bleed line 28.
    The energetically captivating mode of operation for the provision of useful heat, however, is that the capacitor 13 and / or the absorber 1 are deliberately driven at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, so that at the condenser Kühlmediumaustritt 16 and the absorber Kühlmediumaustritt 25, the useful heat Qc or, Qa incurred. In extreme cases, one can supply the evaporator 18 rich ambient heat, whereby the inventive absorption cycle in the "power heat pump mode " is driven. The overall efficiency of these coupling systems according to the invention can be well above 100%.
    Viewed from the process flow diagram, there is no significant difference as to whether the inventive method is operated in the power / cooling mode, in the power / heat pump mode or in a combination of both modes, the power / heat pump cold mode (tri-generation). Any limitations of the modes of operation are design-related type and given by the working medium, however, the inventive method has a high degree of flexibility.
    FIG. 2 shows, in addition to the process flow diagram according to FIG. 1, an inventive energy storage system which not only makes temporary variations of the refrigeration and / or heat generation but also changes of the concentrations in the overall circulation
    Purpose of optimal adaptation to conditions of the heat source on the one hand and the energy service capacity on the other hand allows.
    In terms of function, three storage systems are provided: 1. A condensate charge / discharge line 29 branches off from the condensate line 17 and leads to a condensate store 30 with the liquid level or volume 31; the charge / discharge line is shown as a traversed in both directions line with a reversible pump, but exist for this problem, other known embodiments. 2. A feed charge / discharge line 32 branches off from the feed line 2 and leads to a feed storage 33 with the liquid level or volume 34. 3. A solution charge / discharge line 35 branches off from the return solution line 7 and leads to a solution reservoir 36 with the liquid level or volume 37.
    With these three storage systems, different modes of operation or modes can be run: a. At a temporarily higher cooling capacity (cold peak load) are discharged to the condensate tank 30 with the liquid level 31 and the solution reservoir 36 with the liquid level 37, that is, the liquid levels 31 and 37 are lowered by the condensate charging / discharging line 29 and the Solution charging / discharging line 35 are flowed through in the direction of the lines 17 and 7, respectively. The evaporator 18 and the absorber 1 are thereby supplied with the necessary for the refrigeration liquids of the associated concentration. On the other hand, in the feed storage 33, the liquid level 34 rises by supplying the feed / discharge line 32 with excess food
    from the feed line 2 receives. At a temporarily lower cooling capacity {cold load), the procedure is reversed. This temporary load cover can only be moved until at least one of the storage tanks is unloaded or charged. Since the required cooling capacity is sometimes subject to a periodic fluctuation, the described temporary load cover is of high value. b. With the storage systems, the concentration ratios in the working medium of the
    Influence the overall cycle. The loading of the condensate store 30, in which the liquid level rises 31, leads to a discharge of the storage tank 33, in which the liquid level 34 remains constant, with a constant state of charge of the feed store 36, in which its liquid level 37 drops, so the condensing circuit is depleted of refrigerant-rich condensate and the flowing total circuit in terms of its concentration to the low-refrigerant, ie absorption-rich side (in our example so to the H20-rich side) schiftet; this mode of operation could, for. B. be advantageous in a power heat pump mode, because higher system pressures are avoided in the condenser and absorber. If the storage systems serve exclusively for influencing concentration ratios in the working medium of the overall cycle and not also for load coverage, then the feed storage 33 together with the feed / discharge line 32 can be dispensed with.
    Such storage is novel and difficult to classify into conventional categories: the reservoirs operate without pressure, store at ambient temperature, so have no heat losses, but have different concentrations of refrigeration cycle medium. Basically, latent energy (separation work during desorption) is stored and 8
    The energy density usually exceeds that of a heat storage.
    FIG. 3 shows a variant of the process flow diagram according to FIG. 2; FIG. Here, the condensate storage 30, optionally the feed storage 33 and the solution storage 36 are summarized in terms of function in a single layer memory 38, wherein the condensate charge / discharge line 29 into the condensate liquid volume 31, optionally the feed Charging / discharging line 32 in the feed liquid volume 34 and the solution charge / discharge line 35 in the solution liquid volume 37 within the stratified storage 38 lead. Since the different liquid volumes not only have different concentrations, but also different densities, it does not come to the mixing within the layer memory 38, but to the desired layer formation with release layers 39 and 40. The volume of the layer memory 38 is smaller than the total volume of the memory 30th and 36 and also 33 of FIG. 2, since these memory systems are in "push-pull". work.
    As is known, refinements of a thermodynamic cycle are possible by means of the following measures, which are not described in detail: multistage, z. During desorption; recuperative heat exchange, z. B. between solution reflux and food; Utilization of drive and take-down, etc.
    The inventive method opens up a huge field of application and allows for fundamental improvements in terms of energy efficiency and cost efficiency: a. The proposed cycle process generates power, cold and heat within a single plant with a single working fluid. The storage allows the different 9
    Providing energy forms as needed This coupled energy service increases energy efficiency and drastically simplifies the expenditure on equipment compared with the separate generation of energy forms. b. The process is particularly suitable for the use of renewable energies (biomass-fired, solar thermal, geothermal, energy and hybrid energy sources), waste heat (eg industrial origin, stationary or mobile combustion engines), heat from district heating pipelines.
    The use of heat from district heating pipelines (eg with a flow temperature of 140 ° C and a return temperature of 55 ° C) for decentralized and emission-free generation of electricity, heat and cooling should be quantified by way of example. The district heating network heats the desorber 3 with the heat Qd by its flow is connected to the desorber Heizmediumeintritt 5, the heating medium of the district heating through the desorber heat exchanger surfaces 4 flows, the desorber 3 desorber Heizmediumaustritt 6 leaves and in the return of the district heating network empties.
    The generator 11 generates the electrical energy P.
    The heat Qc of the condenser 13 and Qa of the absorber 1 are decoupled as useful heat by the condenser cooling medium outlet 16 and the absorber Kühlmediumaustritt 25 is connected to the flow of a low-temperature local heating network.
    The cooling capacity Qv is generated at the evaporator 18.
    The table below shows that the overall efficiency (electricity + useful heat + cooling) is well over 100%. 10 ······································································································································································································································································· Difference Qd-P kW 900 Heat ratio Qv / (Qd-P)% 50% Cooling capacity (-15 ° C) Qv kW 450 Effective heat output (40 ° C) Qn = Qc + Qa kW 1350 Total energy output P + Qn + Qv kW 1900 Total efficiency (P + Qn + Qv) / Qd% 190%
    Such tri-generation plants could supply decentralized and near district heating pipelines with buildings, complexes, emission-free centers with electricity, useful heat and cold and exploit the district heating pipe even outside the heating season.
    A similarly favorable energy efficiency also results from the use of geothermal heat (eg with a feed temperature of 120 ° C and a return temperature of 80 ° C). 11
    Figures: 1 Absorber 2 Feed line with feed pump 3 Desorber (also: expeller, cooker, steam generator) 4 Desorber heat exchanger surface 5 Desorber heating medium inlet 6 Desorber heating medium outlet 7 Solution return line with expansion valve 8 Main steam line with regulating or quick closing valve 9 Expansion machine 10 Expansion machine Shaft 11 Generator 12 Evaporator line 13 Condenser (also: condenser) 14 Condenser heat exchanger surface 15 Condenser cooling medium inlet 16 Condenser cooling medium outlet 17 Condensate line with expansion valve 18 Evaporator 19 Evaporator heat exchanger surface 20 Evaporator refrigerant medium inlet 21 Evaporator refrigerant outlet 22 Refrigerant vapor line 23 Absorber heat exchanger surface 24 Absorber Cooling medium inlet 25 Absorber cooling medium outlet 26 Main steam bypass line with bypass valve 27 Evaporating bypass line with bypass valve · 28 Expansion machine tapping line 29 Condensate loading / unloading line 30 Conden nsat memory 31 Condensate liquid level or volume 14 • · • · Mt 32 Feeding / discharging line 33 Feeding memory 34 Feeding fluid level or volume 35 Solution charging / discharging line 36 Solution reservoir 37 Solution level or liquid level . volume 38 layer memory 39 separation layer 40 lower separation layer 15
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    1. A method and device for generating cold and / or useful heat by means of an absorption cycle, comprising at least one absorber, at least one desorber, at least one condenser and at least one evaporator, characterized in that at least one absorber (1) with at least one desorber (3) via a feed line with feed pump (2) and a solution return line with expansion valve (7) is connected and between at least one desorber (3) and at least one capacitor {13) and / or at least one absorber (1) at least one expansion machine (9 ) is interposed to generate mechanical or electrical energy and at least one condenser (13) with at least one evaporator (18) via a condensate line with expansion valve (17) and at least one evaporator (18) with at least one absorber (1) via a refrigerant vapor line (22) is connected.
    [2]
    2. Method and device according to claim 1, characterized in that from a condensate line (17) branches off a condensate charging / discharging line (29) and leads to a condensate store (30) and from a solution return line (7) a solution charging Branches off and discharging line (35) and leads to a solution memory (36) and optionally from a feed line (2) branches off a feed charging / discharging line (32) and leads to a feed store (33).
    [3]
    3. The method and device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a condensate charging / discharging line (29) and a solution charging / discharging line (35) and optionally a feed-loading / unloading line (32) with a stratified storage (38) is connected. 12
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT511823B1|2013-03-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20050086971A1|2003-10-27|2005-04-28|Wells David N.|System and method for selective heating and cooling|
    US20100154419A1|2008-12-19|2010-06-24|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company|Absorption power cycle system|EP3748137A1|2019-06-06|2020-12-09|Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives|System for co-producing electrical energy and cold thermal energy and associated method|
    EP3748274A1|2019-06-06|2020-12-09|Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives|System for co-producing electrical energy and hot and cold thermal energy and associated method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA148/2012A|AT511823B1|2012-02-03|2012-02-03|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING COLD AND / OR USE HEAT AND MECHANICAL OR BZW. ELECTRICAL ENERGY BY MEANS OF AN ABSORPTION CIRCUIT|ATA148/2012A| AT511823B1|2012-02-03|2012-02-03|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING COLD AND / OR USE HEAT AND MECHANICAL OR BZW. ELECTRICAL ENERGY BY MEANS OF AN ABSORPTION CIRCUIT|
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